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Home-Based Economic Activities and Caribbean Urban Livelihoods : Vulnerability, Ambition and Impact in Paramaribo and Port of Spain

机译：基于家庭的经济活动和加勒比城市生计：西班牙帕拉马里博和西班牙港口的脆弱性，野心和影响

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Poor urban households in the economic 'south' deploy various livelihood activities. One of these is a Home-Based Economic Activity (HBEA), e.g. sales of home-made snacks or car maintenance. This study examines the prevalence, organisation and relevance of HBEAs in four neighbourhoods in the Caribbean cities Paramaribo (Suriname) and Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago). Recent economic developments in these countries diverge; Suriname recovers slowly from a crisis while Trinidad and Tobago's economy is buoyant. These economic features together with local political developments have produced distinct institutional contexts. This gives ground for a comparison between the two cities. In addition, the study discusses the relevance of currently popular policies on entrepreneurship and micro-finance. The above issues have been assessed through use of multiple quantitative and qualitative methods. The study shows that forty percent of households in the examined neighbourhoods earn money through operating HBEAs. These are mainly operated by women and assist households in improving their livelihoods from a level of survival to a level of security. Most HBEA-operators aim at earning additional incomes and reducing vulnerability. Only a small group meets the image of the classic operator who innovates, takes risk and aims at growth and profit. The two groups organize their HBEA in very distinct ways. Differences between Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago are small. First of all economic growth has limited impact on assets and vulnerability of low-income groups. Moreover, policies aiming at stimulation of entrepreneurship such as micro-credit are relevant to classic entrepreneurs and not to the large group of security-seeking HBEA-operators.
机译：经济“南部”的城市贫困家庭开展各种生计活动。其中之一是家庭经济活动（HBEA），例如销售自制小吃或汽车维修。这项研究调查了加勒比城市帕拉马里博（苏里南）和西班牙港（特立尼达和多巴哥）四个街区的HBEA的流行，组织和相关性。这些国家最近的经济发展存在分歧。苏里南在特立尼达和多巴哥的经济蓬勃发展期间从危机中缓慢复苏。这些经济特征以及当地的政治发展产生了独特的制度环境。这为两个城市之间的比较奠定了基础。此外，该研究还讨论了当前流行的企业家精神和小额信贷政策的相关性。通过使用多种定量和定性方法对上述问题进行了评估。研究表明，在所调查的社区中，有40％的家庭通过经营HBEA赚钱。这些主要由妇女经营，并帮助家庭改善生活水平，从生存水平到安全水平。大多数HBEA运营商的目标是赚取更多收入并减少脆弱性。只有一小群人会遇到经典运营商的形象，他们创新，冒险并追求增长和利润。两组以非常不同的方式组织其HBEA。苏里南与特立尼达和多巴哥之间的差异很小。首先，经济增长对低收入群体的资产和脆弱性影响有限。此外，旨在刺激企业家精神的政策（例如小额信贷）与经典企业家有关，而与大量寻求安全性的HBEA经营者无关。

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    Verrest, Hebe;

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